Abstract
In the repertoire of cinematic techniques, a counter image is a reverse shot. Reverse shots belong to the most common techniques in narrative film. They allow to establish a point of view and facilitate the visual rendering of a dialogue. Their main feature is their power to subjectify the camera’s gaze and to deepen a viewer’s ties with a films character by taking her or his perspective.
The popularity of the reverse shot has lent it tremendous authority. Even in its absence, it governs over the way we perceive a film’s editing: Without it, films tend to feel amateurish and it requires a great deal of dedication to stage a scene accordingly.
In the grammar of film, the reverse shot has erected a reign that is peculiarly at odds with its other meaning: An image to counter another. The reverse shot does everything but countering an image. It allows to join the most disparate images. It confirms rather than counters by providing spatial, temporal and narrative orientation. It veils rather than reveals the juxtaposition of two images.
It only seems natural that critical film makers from the German student movement in the late 1960s such as Hartmut Bitomsky, Holger Meins or Harun Farocki – all of them enrolled in the notorious first classes of the Deutsche Film- und Fernsehakademie Berlin (dffb) – rejected the reverse shot vehemently. Especially Farocki with his dedication to Brechtian Theory, would oppose against the identification effect of the reverse shot. The remarks about the reverse shot that were made above are paraphrasing his words on the topic.[1]
Farockis opposition to the reverse shot marks the beginning of a lifelong search for alternative ways of mediation, the quest for counter images that actually counter the visual status quo and foster reflection of modern visual media.
In my presentation, I will elaborate on the essayistic practices that Farocki has developed in his long career as a critic of the film and television industry. I will isolate one or two practices in order to show the epistemic potential of Farocki’s counter images.
Date & Place
The lecture will be held on 07.05.2019 by Aurel Sieber at Auditório 1 - Torre B in Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa
[1] cf. Harun Farocki, Schuss-Gegenschuss. In: Filmkritik, Nr. 299/300, S. 507-517.